Calculus

Calculus is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way that Geometry is the study of shape, and Algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations. The word Calculus comes from Latin meaning "small stone", because it is like understanding something by looking at small pieces. Calculus was developed over many centuries in many different parts of the world, not just western Europe but also ancient Greece, the Middle East, India, China, and Japan. It is often attributed to Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz who independently developed much of its foundations.

Calculus has two main branches, differential calculus and integral calculus. In short differential calculus cuts something into small pieces to find how it changes and integral calculus joins (integrates) the small pieces together to find how much there is.

One core concept of Calculus that is present in both of its branches is limits.